This pedestrian-only shopping street has 1.2 kilometers (0.75 mi) of shops, restaurants and cafés; it is also one of the longest shopping streets in Europe. His party gained four seats. Bordeaux is also the home to one of the strongest cricket teams in France and are champions of the South West League. Cazes, who was four at the start of the war and nine at its end, remembers that by 1942 he and his friends had switched from playing German soldiers in the playground to playing Allied soldiers, but most of the time they were fascinated by their new neighbours. A crossroads of knowledge through university research, it is home to one of the only two megajoule lasers in the world, as well as a university pole of nearly 100,000 students within the Bordeaux metropolis.[7]. The defeat of the so-called constituency "Mayor" showed that Bordeaux was rocking increasingly left. [citation needed] Bordeaux offers a large number of cinemas, theatres, and is the home of the Opéra national de Bordeaux. This graph shows the number of inhabitants in the city of Bordeaux in France in 2014, by gender. [47] During the planning there was much lobbying by the Eiffel family and other supporters to preserve the old bridge as a footbridge across the Garonne, with possibly a museum to document the history of the bridge and Gustave Eiffel's contribution. PS candidate Kader Arif: 17.79%, gaining two seats in the European Parliament. Answer: Bordeaux, France (Administrative unit: Aquitaine) - last known population is ≈ 241 300 (year 2012). And in June 2007, with more than 1,810 hectares, it is the largest protected city in the world, with the inscription of the Port of the Moon by the World Heritage Committee, designated by the UNESCO General Assembly, on the World Heritage[10] List for its ensemble of cultural and natural properties of exceptional interest for the common heritage of humanity. [45], Today a lot of traces and memorial sites are visible in the city. Jean Lassalle, who qualified for the second round, passed the 10% mark by totaling 10.77%. Bordeaux voted for Emmanuel Macron in the presidential election. Population of Bordeaux was 235 178 inhabitants in 2007, 215 374 inhabitants in 1999, 210 336 inhabitants in 1990, 208 159 inhabitants in 1982, 223 131 inhabitants in … The battle had a high death toll, and although Eudes was defeated he had enough troops to engage in the Battle of Poitiers and so retain his grip on Aquitaine. They were to keep the Basques in check and defend the mouth of the Garonne from the Vikings when they appeared in c. 844. Source: Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques, France (web). Bordeaux is classified "City of Art and History". France population 2020|population of france|france population 2019|bordeaux population [44] They prospered with plantations incomes, until the first slave revolts which concluded in 1848 in the final abolition of slavery in France. Tourism, especially wine tourism, is a major industry. [4] It is the capital of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, as well as the prefecture of the Gironde department. [50], This article is about the city in France. Population Bordeaux : 256 045 habitants (recensement de la population 2016 au 01/01/2019) Bordeaux Métropole (28 communes) : 796 273 habitants en 2016 (53% de femmes / 47% d'hommes, en 2015) Superficie Bordeaux : 49,36 km2 Bordeaux Métropole : 578,22 km2 Croissance démographique 5,3% de croissance entre 2011 et 2016, soit 1% par an. Bordeaux was largely anti-Bonapartist and the majority supported the Bourbons. However, it was not retained for long, during the following year the Frankish commander clashed in battle with the Aquitanians but then left to take on hostile Burgundian authorities and magnates. African face mascaron on the place de la Bourse. найте численность населения в вашем регионе! Nevada- 6,096 4. In 1802, Napoleon revoked the manumission law but lost the war against the army of former slaves. Then came François Bayrou with 22.01%, followed by Jean-Marie Le Pen who recorded 5.42%. From the 12th to the 15th century, Bordeaux flourished once more following the marriage of Eléonore, Duchess of Aquitaine and the last of the House of Poitiers, to Henry II Plantagenêt, Count of Anjou and the grandson of Henry I of England, who succeeded to the English crown months after their wedding, bringing into being the vast Angevin Empire, which stretched from the Pyrenees to Ireland. This was 0.38% of total France population. List of cities in France by population 2019 2020. Mae-Berenice-Meite (46.82) in 11th and Laurine Lecavelier (46.53) in 12th. The system was controversial for its considerable cost of installation, maintenance and also for the numerous initial technical problems that paralysed the network. The bridge was named after the late Jacques Chaban-Delmas, who was a former Prime Minister and Mayor of Bordeaux. In 1804, Haiti became independent. Show map of France. [21], In 2007, 40% of the city surface area, located arourd the Port of the Moon, was listed as World heritage sites. Other indicators visualized on maps: (In English only, for now) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) The built-up area has grown for more than a century beyond the municipal borders of Bordeaux due to urban sprawl, so that by January 2017 there were 1,247,977 people living in the overall 5,613 km2 (2,167 sq mi) metropolitan area (aire urbaine) of Bordeaux,[4] only a fifth of whom lived in the city proper. These two bridges are part of the ring road around Bordeaux. The British troops were treated as liberators. Bordeaux is the capital of five cantons and the Prefecture of the Gironde and Aquitaine. The shipping traffic grew through the new African colonies. During this period were built the amphitheatre and the monument Les Piliers de Tutelle. The planned Bordeaux tramway system is to link with the airport to the city centre towards the end of 2019.[48]. The decision was taken to save the bridge, but by early 2010 no plans had been announced as to its future use. In Bordeaux, this one was located in the former buildings of the college of Guyenne. Almost nine million tonnes of goods arrive and leave each year. 2020 Jan;128:109884. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.109884. Between 1951 and 1955, an annual Formula 1 motor race was held on a 2.5-kilometre circuit which looped around the Esplanade des Quinconces and along the waterfront, attracting drivers such as Juan Manuel Fangio, Stirling Moss, Jean Behra and Maurice Trintignant. It is around 500 km (310 mi) southwest of Paris. In 2019 2020, the population of the city of Bordeaux, France is - 241 287 people. [34] They are divided according to the following composition: Since the Liberation (1944), there have been 6 mayors of Bordeaux: At the 2007 presidential election, the Bordelais gave 31.37% of their votes to Ségolène Royal of the Socialist Party against 30.84% to Nicolas Sarkozy, president of the UMP. It should be added that after the partial 2008 elections, the eighth district of Gironde switched to the left, bringing the count to nine. Bordeaux's climate is classified as a temperate oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb), or in the Trewartha climate classification system as temperate oceanic or Do climate. The metro area population of Bordeaux in 2018 was 945,000, a 1.18% increase from 2017. Londinium, as it was known, rapidly turned into the capital of Romes Britannia territory, and by the second century AD, it was a flourishing trade area with a population of just about 60,000 individuals. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 13 min, while 15.5% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. Conventional overhead cables are used outside the city. The bridge remains intact, but unused and without any means of access. The region of Bordeaux was also the land of several prominent abolitionists, as Montesquieu, Laffon deLadébat and Elisée Reclus. Cycle paths (separate from the roadways) exist on the highway bridges, along the riverfront, on the university campuses, and incidentally elsewhere in the city. During Antiquity, a first university had been created by the Roman in 286. Union Bordeaux Bègles is a rugby team in the Top 14 in the Ligue Nationale de Rugby. In 1462, Bordeaux created a local parliament. Globelink.co.uk mentioned Bordeaux as the best tourist destination in Europe in 2015. Bordeaux is served by Bordeaux–Mérignac Airport, located 8 km (5.0 mi) from the city centre in the suburban city of Mérignac. The average summer seasonal temperature is 20.7 °C (69.3 °F). Bordeaux is the centre of Bordeaux Métropole that has a population of 796,273 (2019), the 5th largest in France after Paris, Lyon, Marseille and Lille with its immediate suburbs and closest satellite towns. Moreover, in May 2009, the Museum of Aquitaine opened the spaces dedicated to "Bordeaux in the 18th century, trans-Atlantic trading and slavery". Bordeaux wine growing area has about 116,160 hectares (287,000 acres) of vineyards, 57 appellations, 10,000 wine-producing estates (châteaux) and 13,000 grape growers. The University of Bordeaux is divided into four: Bordeaux has numerous public and private schools offering undergraduate and postgraduate programs. 7 Public Health England, London, UK. Some 20,000 people work for the aeronautic industry in Bordeaux. From the Bourbon Restoration, the economy of Bordeaux was rebuilt by traders and shipowners. There are more than 400 taxicabs in Bordeaux. Another bridge, the Pont Jean-Jacques Bosc, is to be built in 2018.[46]. In the second round, it was Chantal Bourragué who was re-elected with 54.45% against 45.55% for his socialist opponent. At regional elections in 2010, the Socialist incumbent president Alain Rousset won the first round by totaling 35.19% in Bordeaux, but this score was lower than the plan for Gironde and Aquitaine. Left Front candidate Jean-Luc Mélenchon: 8.16%, gaining the last seat. Bordeaux is an important road and motorway junction. Bordeaux (/bɔːrˈdoʊ/ bor-DOH, French: [bɔʁdo] (listen); Gascon Occitan: Bordèu [buɾˈðɛw]) is a port city on the river Garonne in the Gironde department in Southwestern France. This company is run by the Keolis group. [30], The Laser Mégajoule will be one of the most powerful lasers in the world, allowing fundamental research and the development of the laser and plasma technologies. … Only candidates obtaining more than 5% are listed. In the second round, Alain Rousset had a tidal wave win as national totals rose to 55.83%. There are two major sport teams in Bordeaux, Girondins de Bordeaux is the football team, playing in Ligue 1 in the French football championship. Bordeaux is located close to the European Atlantic coast, in the southwest of France and in the north of the Aquitaine region. The Dassault Falcon private jets are built there as well as the military aircraft Rafale and Mirage 2000, the Airbus A380 cockpit, the boosters of Ariane 5, and the M51 SLBM missile. The PS had put up a Socialist heavyweight in the Gironde and had put great hopes in this election after the victory of Ségolène Royal and Michèle Delaunay in 2007. However, after a rather exciting campaign it was Alain Juppé who was widely elected in the first round with 56.62%, far ahead of Alain Rousset who has managed to get 34.14%. However, since the region appointed Fabienne Buccio as its prefect, an aggressive evacuation campaign has been set in motion; with over 70 squats having been shut down in the past 6 months … In January 2017, there were 254,436 inhabitants in the city proper (commune) of Bordeaux. The abstention rates for Bordeaux were 14.52% in the first round and 15.90% in the second round. Bordeaux (/ b ɔːr ˈ d oʊ / bor-DOH, French: (); Gascon Occitan: Bordèu [buɾˈðɛw]) is a port city on the river Garonne in the Gironde department in Southwestern France.. Bordeaux is also the first city in France to have created, in the 1980s, an architecture exhibition and research centre, Arc en rêve. Show map of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. 6 National Center of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Lacking any steep hills, Bordeaux is relatively friendly to cyclists. Spaces dedicaded to slave trade, Musée d'Aquitaine. [38] The city was an important administrative centre and the new university had to train administrators. Explanation: Agglomerations are composed of communes in the boundaries of 1 January 2019. Crossed by the Garonne River and bordering the Atlantic Coast, the metropolis, a perfect example of the Age of Enlightment, has been showcasing since the 18th century its blond and golden facades, its courtyards and monumental squares, as well as its lively streets accompanied by its French-style gardens. In 276, it was sacked by the Vandals. Bordeaux. After 73 years of right-of-centre rule, the ecologist Pierre Hurmic (EELV) came in ahead of Nicolas Florian (LR/LaREM).[37]. In 1808, the University reappeared with Napoleon. In 1793, the Montagnards led by Robespierre and Marat came to power. It stands out as one of the first French cities, after Nancy, to have entered an era of urbanism and metropolitan big scale projects, with the team Gabriel father and son, architects for King Louis XV, under the supervision of two intendants (Governors), first Nicolas-François Dupré de Saint-Maur then the Marquis de Tourny. Total population: 68 859 599. Bordeaux is also ranked as a Sufficiency city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. The tram system uses Alstom APS a form of ground-level power supply technology developed by French company Alstom and designed to preserve the aesthetic environment by eliminating overhead cables in the historic city. The city is home to 362 monuments historiques (only Paris has more in France) with some buildings dating back to Roman times. [18] In total, the Bordeaux shipowners deported 150,000 Africans in some 500 expeditions.[19]. For the wine, see, "Burdigala" redirects here. 12.% of public transit riders, ride for more than 2 hours every day. If Xavier Darcos largely lost the election, he nevertheless achieved a score above the regional and departmental average obtaining 33.40%. The candidate of Europe Ecology José Bové came second with 22.34%. The term "Bordelais" may also refer to the city and its surrounding region. Bordeaux. During the last stage of the war against Aquitaine (760–768), it was one of Waifer's last important strongholds to fall to the troops of King Pepin the Short. The city is connected to Paris by the A10 motorway, with Lyon by the A89, with Toulouse by the A62, and with Spain by the A63. MECA, Maison de l’Économie Créative et de la Culture en Aquitaine. [15] Many downtown buildings (about 5,000), including those on the quays, are from this period. Z. Liu, P. Magal, O. Seydi, and G. Webb (2020), Understanding unreported cases in the 2019-nCov epidemic outbreak in Wuhan, China, and the importance of major public health interventions, Biology, 9(3), 50. Vanessa James/Morgan Cipres (65.75) in 2nd. Historically the train line used to terminate at a station on the right bank of the river Garonne near the Pont de Pierre, and passengers crossed the bridge to get into the city. [20] That recurred during World War I and again very briefly during World War II, when it became clear that Paris would fall into German hands. With an annual production of approximately 960 million bottles,[29] the Bordeaux area produces large quantities of everyday wine as well as some of the most expensive wines in the world. Bordeaux accommodates approximately 70,000 students on one of the largest campuses of Europe (235 ha).[39]. All five road bridges, including the two highway bridges, are open to cyclists and pedestrians as well. Idaho- 6,637 3. Bordeaux is an international tourist destination for its architectural and cultural heritage with more than 350 historic monuments,[8] making it, after Paris, the city with the most listed or registered monuments in France. In 2008 municipal elections saw the clash between mayor of Bordeaux, Alain Juppé and the President of the Regional Council of Aquitaine Socialist Alain Rousset. [citation needed] The city has some of the biggest companies including Dassault, EADS Sogerma, Snecma, Thales, SNPE, and others. La population de Bordeaux compte 217 464 habitants de plus de 15 ans. Currently, 81.1 % of the population of France is urban (52,849,078 people in 2019) Population Density The 2019 population density in France is 119 people per Km 2 (308 people per mi 2 ), calculated on a total land area of 547,557 Km2 (211,413 sq. Bordeaux is home to a beautiful quay which runs along the Garonne river. There is a 45 km (28 mi) ring road called the "Rocade" which is often very busy. Firstly, during the 18th and 19th centuries, Bordeaux was an important slave port, which saw some 500 slave expeditions that cause the deportation of 150,000 Africans by Bordeaux shipowners. Charlemagne built the fortress of Fronsac (Frontiacus, Franciacus) near Bordeaux on a hill across the border with the Basques (Wascones), where Basque commanders came and pledged their loyalty (769). On the quay there is a skate-park divided into three sections. [15] The belfry (Grosse Cloche) and city cathedral St-André were built, the latter in 1227, incorporating the artisan quarter of Saint-Paul. [12] It continued to flourish, especially during the Severan dynasty (3rd century), and acquired the status of capital of Roman Aquitaine. For the ocean liner, see, Prefecture and commune in Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France, 12th century to 15th century, the English era, French Revolution : political disruption, and loss of the most profitable colony, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, GHCN climate, GISS world climate averages, 1971–2000, CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (, Globalization and World Cities Research Network, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855, 2019 European Parliament election in France, Institut of Political Sciences of Bordeaux, École nationale supérieure de chimie et physique de Bordeaux, École pour l'informatique et les nouvelles technologies, Institut des hautes études économiques et commerciales, Institut supérieur européen de gestion group, Institut supérieur européen de formation par l'action, World Heritage Sites of the Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France, Étienne Marie Antoine Champion de Nansouty, List of twin towns and sister cities in France, "Bordeaux : Découvrir Bordeaux - Histoire de Bordeaux", "Comparateur de territoire, Unité urbaine de Bordeaux (33701)", "Comparateur de territoire, Aire urbaine de Bordeaux (006)", "Five Reasons To Visit The World's Wine Capital, Bordeaux", https://www.thelocal.fr/20170615/bordeaux-beats-paris-and-lyon-to-first-place-on-list-of-frances-best-cities-for-restaurants, "Classement des villes étudiantes par nombre d'étudiants", "Bordeaux named European destination of the year", https://www.romanports.org/en/the-ports/116-burdigala.html, https://www.britannica.com/place/Bordeaux, https://www.bordeaux-port.fr/en/port-bordeaux/history, https://www.lonelyplanet.com/france/bordeaux/background/history/a/nar/5e51aa7a-15f6-47ad-8ad8-719613858dc0/359293, https://www.commanderie.org/showRegion.action, "World's largest digital arts centre opens in Bordeaux submarine base", "Climatological Information for Bordeaux, France", "Normes et records 1961–1990: Bordeaux-Merignac (33) – altitude 47m", "Bordeaux Wine Region in France: World's Most Famous Fine Wine Region", "Bordeaux : la Cité du vin cernée par les chantiers", https://www.citypopulation.de/php/france-gironde.php?cityid=33063, https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Archives/Archives-elections/Dossier-elections-municipales-2014/Annexe-4-Nombre-de-conseillers-municipaux-selon-la-population-de-la-commune, Résultat de l'élection présidentielle de 2007 à Bordeaux, Résultat de l'élection présidentielle de 2012 à Bordeaux, http://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20200628-hidalgo-re-elected-as-paris-mayor-as-greens-claim-key-cities, http://www.bordeaux.fr/p7070/gallo-romains-56-4e-siecle-, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, https://www.bordeaux-tourism.co.uk/offre/fiche/bordeaux-patrimoine-mondial/PCUAQU033V500BKQ, http://www.rfi.fr/en/france/20190224-bordeaux-slavery-museum-seeks-change-narrative-slave-trade-past, http://www.musee-aquitaine-bordeaux.fr/en/article/bordeaux-18th-century-trans-atlantic-trading-and-slavery, "Bordeaux : voici le tracé du tramway qui va desservir l'aéroport", "Bordeaux Public Transportation Statistics", Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, "When Bordeaux city centre became a Formula 1 racing track", "Bordeaux – Rayonnement européen et mondial", "Bordeaux-Atlas français de la coopération décentralisée et des autres actions extérieures", "National Commission for Decentralised cooperation", "British towns twinned with French towns", "International Relations of the City of Porto", "Saint Petersburg in figures – International and Interregional Ties", "Samsun- Bordeaux işbirliği sözleşmesini imzalandı", Bordeaux submarine base : history, description, photos, Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps, Prehistoric sites and decorated caves of the Vézère valley, Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bordeaux&oldid=995419478, Port cities and towns on the French Atlantic coast, Articles with French-language sources (fr), CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown, Articles with dead external links from June 2016, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox settlement with possible motto list, Pages using infobox settlement with image map1 but not image map, Articles containing Occitan (post 1500)-language text, Articles needing additional references from June 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2018, Articles needing additional references from March 2018, Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The University Bordeaux 1, (Maths, Physical sciences and Technologies), 10,693 students in 2002, The University Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux Segalen (Medicine and Life sciences), 15,038 students in 2002, The University Bordeaux 3, Michel de Montaigne (, The University Bordeaux 4, Montesquieu (Law, Economy and Management), 12,556 students in 2002, École d'ingénieurs en modélisation mathématique et mécanique, École nationale supérieure d'électronique, informatique, télécommunications, mathématique et mécanique de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB-MATMECA), École supérieure de technologie des biomolécules de Bordeaux, École nationale d'ingénieurs des travaux agricoles de Bordeaux, Institut des sciences et techniques des aliments de Bordeaux, The Bordeaux MBA (International College of Bordeaux), IUT Techniques de Commercialisation of Bordeaux (business school), Vatel Bordeaux International Business School, CTBA, wood and furniture research center, A. Loisier, 1998, The Management Science faculty on the Bastide, Anne Lacaton/Jean-Philippe Vassal, 2006, The Nuyens School complex on the Bastide, Yves Ballot/Nathalie Franck, 2007, Seeko'o Hotel on the Quai des Chartrons, King Kong architects, 2007, École nationale supérieure d'architecture et de paysage de Bordeaux, This page was last edited on 20 December 2020, at 23:05. The link with aviation dates back to 1910, the year the first airplane flew over the city. But the Free Skate was cancelled in all of the divisions due to the Paris bombing(s) and aftermath. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 7 km (4.3 mi), while 8% travel for over 12 km (7.5 mi) in a single direction.[49]. In Bordeaux, the left was for the first time in its history the majority as it held two of three constituencies following the elections. Bordeaux voted in the 2019 European Parliament election in France. The 2009 European elections were like the previous ones in eight constituencies. Bordeaux is a major centre for business in France as it has the sixth largest metropolitan population in France. Red wines are generally made from a blend of grapes, and may be made from Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Petit verdot, Malbec, and, less commonly in recent years, Carménère. In the second round, it was finally Michèle Delaunay who won the election with 50.93% of the votes against 49.07% for Alain Juppé, the margin being only 670 votes. [43] And thirdly, in that same period, a major migratory movement by Aquitanians took place to the Caribbean colonies, with Saint-Domingue (now Haiti) being the most popular destination. The stadium was opened in 2015 and replaced the Stade Chaban-Delmas, which was a venue for the FIFA World Cup in 1938 and 1998, as well as the 2007 Rugby World Cup. Finally the candidate of the Left Front Gérard Boulanger with 5.64%, no other candidate above the 5% mark. Bordeaux was also a major trading centre for slave. The 2015 Trophee Eric Bompard was in Bordeaux. The new bridge has four tracks and allows trains to pass at 60 km/h (37 mph). In the heart of Bordeaux is Rue Sainte-Catherine. In 107 BC, the Battle of Burdigala was fought by the Romans who were defending the Allobroges, a Gallic tribe allied to Rome, and the Tigurini led by Divico. [17] The Port of the Moon supplied the majority of Europe with coffee, cocoa, sugar, cotton and indigo, becoming France's busiest port and the second busiest port in the world after London. At the beginning of the French Revolution (1789), many local revolutionaries were members of the Girondists. 2021 980,000. # In the second round, Noël Mamère was re-elected with 62.82% against 37.18% for his right-wing rival. The city area is represented by the following constituencies: Gironde's 1st, Gironde's 2nd, Gironde's 3rd, Gironde's 4th, Gironde's 5th, Gironde's 6th, Gironde's 7th. In 814, Seguin was made Duke of Vasconia, but was deposed in 816 for failing to suppress a Basque rebellion. The 2000 United States Census lists 57,793 persons of Basque ancestry. miles). Ausonius and Sulpicius Severus were two of the teachers. In the first division of the Gironde, the outgoing UMP MP Chantal Bourragué was well ahead with 44.81% against 25.39% for the Socialist candidate Beatrice Desaigues. Bordeaux lies close to the humid subtropical climate zone, its summers not quite warm enough for that classification. In the second round, the city of Bordeaux gave Ségolène Royal 52.44% against 47.56% for Nicolas Sarkozy, the latter being elected President of the Republic with 53.06% against 46.94% for Ségolène Royal. In the second district of Gironde the UMP mayor and all new Minister of Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development and the Sea Alain Juppé confronted the General Counsel PS Michèle Delaunay. This Party represented the provincial bourgeoisie, favorable towards abolishing aristocracy privileges, but opposed to the Revolution's social dimension. None of the other candidates reached the 10% mark. Located halfway between the Pont de pierre and the Pont d'Aquitaine and serving downtown rather than highway traffic, it is a vertical-lift bridge with a height comparable to the Pont de pierre in closed position, and to the Pont d'Aquitaine in open position. The skate-park is very well maintained by the municipality. After these came Jean-Marie Le Pen with 10.44%, none of the other candidates exceeded the 5% mark.